Tawaf adalah mengelilingi ka’bah tujuh kali, dimulai dan diakhiri di Hajar aswad, serta memposisikan ka’bah di sebelah kiri saat bertawaf.
Dalam Tuntunan Manasik Haji Dan Umroh dari Kemenag menjelaskan bahwa ada lima jenis tawaf. Yang pertama ada tawaf rukun atau yang biasa disebut tawaf ifadah, tawaf ifadah adalah tawaf rukun haji dan juga disebut tawaf rukun umrah.
Yang kedua Tawaf qudum atau tawaf penghormatan kepada Baitullah, yang biasanya dikerjakan ketika baru sampai tiba di kota Mekkah, hukum tawaf qudum adalah sunnah. Biasanya tawaf ini dikerjakan haji ifrad dan haji qiran.
Yang ketiga ada tawaf wada’ atau tawaf perpisahan, yakni tawaf yang dikerjakan ketika jamaah ingin meninggalkan kota Mekkah. Yang keempat tawaf nazar, wajib dikerjakan dan waktunya kapan saja. Dan yang terakhir tawaf sunnah.
Baca juga: Pengertian Tawaf Wada’ Dalam Umroh dan Haji
Salah satu sunnah ketika melakukan tawaf adalah menyentuh dan mencium hajar aswad. Apabila tidak memungkinkan bisa diganti dengan isyarat berupa melambaikan tangan lalu menciumnya.
Istilam Hajar Aswad (Menyentuh Hajar Aswad)
Diriwayat dari Jabir radliyallahu anh, Rasulullah bercerita:
طَافَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْبَيْتِ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ الْحَجَرَ بِمِحْجَنِهِ لِأَنْ يَرَاهُ النَّاسُ وَلِيُشْرِفَ وَلِيَسْأَلُوهُ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ غَشُوهُ
Artinya: “Pada waktu haji wada’ Rasulullah ﷺ thawaf di Baitullah dengan menaiki hewan tunggangannya. Beliau istilam terhadap hajar aswad dengan tongkat beliau agar semua manusia melihat dan menyaksikan serta bisa menanyakan sesuatu kepada beliau, sebab pada saat itu orang-orang sedang mengerumuni beliau.” (HR Muslim)
Dalam hadits diatas menyebutkan bahwa Rasulullah pernah melakukan istilam terhadap Hajar Aswad ketika tawaf. Istilam merupakan menyentuh hajar aswad menggunakan tangan agar mendapatkan berkah dari Allah SWT.
Hukum dari istilam sendiri adalah sunnah untuk laki-laki, sedangkan untuk perempuan disunnahkan untuk melakukan istilam ke Hajar Aswad ketika keadaan ka’bah sepi.
Sunnah (muakkad) Melakukan istilam ke Hajar Aswad ditekankan lagi pada saat putaran ganjil dalam tawaf, apabila tidak memungkinkan dapat dilakukan ketika awal memulai tawaf.
Baca juga: Apa Itu Tawaf Qudum ? Berikut Penjelasanya
Selain menyentuh Hajar Aswad, ada beberapa sunnah yang lain seperti:
- Menyentuh Hajar Aswad pada awal melakukan Tawaf
- Mencium Hajar Aswad
- Menempelkan jidat ke Hajar Aswad
- Jika tidak memungkinkan mencium langsung bisa menyentuh Hajar aswad dengan tangan lalu tangan tersebut dicium lagi (oleh dirinya sendiri).
- Dirasa tidak memungkinkan untuk menyentuh bisa mengganti dengan isyarat, dengan melambaikan tangan lalu mencium tangan.
- Apabila menyentuh menggunakan tangan tidak memungkinkan, bisa menggunakan tongkat lau ujung lainya di cium juga.
Bukan hanya istilam terhadap Hajar Aswad saja yang di sunnahkan, namun melakukan istilam terhadap rukun Yamani (sudut ka’bah dari barat daya) juga disunnahkan. Namun yang menjadi perbedaan adalah disunnahkan untuk menyentuh Hajar Aswad dan juga disunnahkan untuk mencium serta menempelkan jidat di Hajar Aswad. Sedangkan pada rukun yamani hanya disunnahkan untuk menyentuhnya tidak disunnahkan untuk mencium sudutnya, serta disunnahkan untuk mencium tangan setelah menyentuh rukun yamani.
Apa Boleh? Tidak Mencium atau Melambaikan Tangan ke Ka’bah Saat Tawaf
Bisa dapat diambil kesimpulan dari tulisan diatas, menyentuh dan mencium hajar aswad serta menyentuh rukun yamani dihukumi sunnah. Apabila tidak memungkinkan bisa diganti dengan isyarat berupa melambaikan tangan lalu menciumnya (Hajar Aswad maupun Rukun Yamani) itu juga dihukumi sunnah. Jadi ketika seseorang sengaja dan tidak sengaja meninggalkan istilam maka tawafnya hukumnya sah.
Baca juga: Bacaan Ketika Tawaf Mengelilingi Ka’bah, Berikut Doanya
Untuk para jamaah ada yang perlu diperhatikan dalam menyentuh ka’bah dan juga Hajar Aswad ketika melakukan tawaf, bangunan luar ka’bah rutin diberikan parfum oleh petugas Masjidil Haram, salah satu larangan ketika ihram adalah menggunakan parfum, jika ketika bertawaf dalam waktu ihram dan melakukan istilam justru haram karena sengaja menyentuh parfum. Tapi berbeda ketika menyentuh ketika tawaf di luar ihram (tawaf sunnah).
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